Frac Sand mining
has become increasingly popular over the last couple of years as new petroleum
extraction methods have been developed. All over the United States companies
have begun to extract a very special kind of sand and sell it to the big oil
companies for a huge profit. It just so
happens that Wisconsin has become the leading producer of this sand,and the
industry is continuing to grow at an astonishing rate. What is so special about
Wisconsin? Well, we have the largest deposits of this frac sand anywhere in the
United States, and it is not very far below the surface making Wisconsin an
ideal place to extract this resource.
How
does frac sand tie into petroleum companies? Petroleum companies use this sand
to do a method of petroleum extraction called hydraulic fracturing. The sand is
pumped down in to the earth in a mixture of water. This mixture gets into the
cracks where oil and natural gas are located under the earth’s surface. The water
is then pumped back out if the ground leaving the sand to dry in those cracks
which expands them making it easier to get at the resources. In order for this
to work the sand has to be very hard round grains of quartz with very few
impurities in it. The majority of the
mining in Wisconsin is taking place in west central Wisconsin where there are
huge deposits of this almost pure quartz sand. There are also mines to the
south and east but that sand is not nearly as pure making it more expensive to
produce. The sand is taken out of the ground and then washed, purified, dried
and shipped, usually by rail, to big oil companies.
Frac
mining has created a lot of jobs and brought an unbelievable amount of money to
the communities where these mines are going up, but not everyone is happy.
There are many concerns that have been voiced about this industry. These mines
destroy the landscape that is on top of them which disturbs the wildlife in the
area. In many people’s opinions this creates an eye sore in the community. Another
concern that has been voiced by people in the past is the reduction of air
quality around these mines. By the plants themselves when the sand has been
cleaned and dried and is being put into storage piles very fine dust particles
are released into the air around the plant. Along railroad tracks the same
thing is happening. The wind from the train moving stirs up the sand dust and
puts it into the air. Water and stream pollution is another concern that has
been brought up. The runoff from the massive strip mines and processing plants
can end up in nearby creeks and rivers making the water murky on occasion.
How
is GIS connected to this industry? GIS can be used in many ways for the good of
this industry as well as for those who may oppose these frac mines. When you
apply for a permit to do this mining on your property or any piece of property
there are zoning issues and land use restrictions. Through GIS you can
determine if the land you are interested in is an area where mining is an
allowable land use. Once the companies have large pieces of land purchased they
can keep track of property boundaries and mining progress though GIS. Planning
the most effective and efficient trucking and rail routes is also a part of GIS
that can and is exploited by the mining companies. For people who are opposed
to frac mining and may be concerned about air quality and water quality they
can use GIS to support their concerns. For example they can create maps to
track water runoff from the plants or show how far the diminished air quality
ratings reach from the plants and rail lines where the sand is being moved.
People wonder
whether Frac sand mining is a good industry or practice and I can see both
sides of the argument. I can’t say if it is good or not but this argument will continue
to produce many opportunities to use GIS both in the industry and outside of
it. This industry creates so many jobs and opportunities which are good for the
economy, but it also leaves its mark on the world. Finding a way for the
industry to exist and limit the effect on the earth is the ideal situation and
I think that GIS can play a big role in finding that happy medium.
Source: U.S. Geological Survery Silica Yearbooks |
Works Cited
"Industrial Sand Mining." Wisconsin Department of Natural Rescources. N.p., 22 Sept. 2014. Web. 05 Oct. 2014. <http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/mines/silica.html>.
Robertson, James M. "Frac Sand in Wisconsin." Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey (2012): n. pag. 2012. Web. 06 Sept. 2014. <http://wcwrpc.org/frac-sand-factsheet.pdf>.
"Town of Colfax Residents Concerned about Proposed Mine's Proximity : Dunn County News." The Dunn County News. Ed. Barbara Lyon. The Chippewa Herald, 03 June 2014. Web. 06 Oct. 2014.<http://chippewa.com/dunnconnect/news/local/town-of-colfax-residents-concerned-about-proposed-mine-s-proximity/article_c4bc5f44-e279-57c0-b743-fb12022648d7.html>.
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